std::ranges::inplace_merge() algorithm
- od C++20
- Simplified
- Detailed
// (1)
I inplace_merge( I first, I middle, S last, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {} );
// (2)
ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>
inplace_merge( R&& r, ranges::iterator_t<R> middle, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {} );
The type of arguments are generic and have the following constraints:
I
-std::bidirectional_iterator
S
-std::sentinel_for<I>
R1
-std::ranges::bidirectional_range
Comp
- (none)Proj
- (none)
The Proj
and Comp
template arguments have the following default types: std::identity
, ranges::less
for all overloads.
Additionaly, each overload has the following constraints:
- (1) -
std::sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
- (2) -
std::sortable<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Comp, Proj>
// (1)
template<
std::bidirectional_iterator I,
std::sentinel_for<I> S,
class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj = std::identity
>
requires std::sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
I inplace_merge( I first, I middle, S last, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {} );
// (2)
template<
ranges::bidirectional_range R,
class Comp = ranges::less,
class Proj = std::identity
>
requires std::sortable<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Comp, Proj>
ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>
inplace_merge( R&& r, ranges::iterator_t<R> middle, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {} );
Merges two consecutive sorted ranges [first
; middle
) and [middle
; last
) into one sorted range [first
; last
).
A sequence is said to be sorted with respect to the comparator comp
if for any iterator it
pointing to the sequence
and any non-negative integer n
such that it + n
is a valid iterator pointing to an element of the sequence,
std::invoke(comp, std::invoke(proj2, *(it + n)), std::invoke(proj1, *it)))
evaluates to false
.
- (1) Elements are compared using the given binary comparison function
comp
. - (2) Same as (1), but uses
r1
as the first range andr2
as the second range, as if usingranges::begin(r1)
asfirst1
,ranges::end(r1)
aslast1
,ranges::begin(r2)
asfirst2
, andranges::end(r2)
aslast2
.
This function is stable, which means that for equivalent elements in the original two ranges, the elements from the first range precede the elements from the second range, preserving their original order.
The function-like entities described on this page are niebloids.
Parameters
first | The beginning of the first sorted range. |
middle | The end of the first sorted range and the beginning of the second range. |
last | The end of the second sorted range. |
r | The range of elements to merge in-place. |
comp | Comparison to apply to the projected elements. |
proj | Projection to apply to the elements in the range. |
Return value
An iterator equal to last
.
Complexity
Given N
as ranges::distance(first, last)
Exactly N − 1
comparisons and twice as many projections, if additional memory buffer is available.
Otherwise, O(N * log(N)) comparisons and twice as many projection.
Exceptions
(none)
Possible implementation
Vendor implementations: Visual Studio (MS STL) ⏺ GCC (libstdc++)
This implementation only shows the slower algorithm used when no additional memory is available.
inplace_merge(1) and merge(2)
struct inplace_merge_fn
{
template<std::bidirectional_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S,
class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj = std::identity>
requires std::sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
constexpr I operator()(I first, I middle, S last, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {}) const
{
I last_it = ranges::next(middle, last);
inplace_merge_slow(first, middle, last_it,
ranges::distance(first, middle),
ranges::distance(middle, last_it),
std::ref(comp), std::ref(proj));
return last_it;
}
template<ranges::bidirectional_range R, class Comp = ranges::less,
class Proj = std::identity>
requires std::sortable<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Comp, Proj>
constexpr ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>
operator()(R&& r, ranges::iterator_t<R> middle,
Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {}) const
{
return (*this)(ranges::begin(r), std::move(middle), ranges::end(r),
std::move(comp), std::move(proj));
}
private:
template<class I, class Comp, class Proj>
static constexpr void inplace_merge_slow(I first, I middle, I last,
std::iter_difference_t<I> n1,
std::iter_difference_t<I> n2,
Comp comp, Proj proj)
{
if (n1 == 0 || n2 == 0)
return;
if (n1 + n2 == 2 && comp(proj(*middle), proj(*first)))
{
ranges::iter_swap(first, middle);
return;
}
I cut1 = first, cut2 = middle;
std::iter_difference_t<I> d1 {}, d2 {};
if (n1 > n2)
{
d1 = n1 / 2;
ranges::advance(cut1, d1);
cut2 = ranges::lower_bound(middle, last, *cut1,
std::ref(comp), std::ref(proj));
d2 = ranges::distance(middle, cut2);
}
else
{
d2 = n2 / 2;
ranges::advance(cut2, d2);
cut1 = ranges::upper_bound(first, middle, *cut2,
std::ref(comp), std::ref(proj));
d1 = ranges::distance(first, cut1);
}
I new_middle = ranges::rotate(cut1, middle, cut2);
inplace_merge_slow(first, cut1, new_middle, d1, d2,
std::ref(comp), std::ref(proj));
inplace_merge_slow(new_middle, cut2, last, n1 - d1, n2 - d2,
std::ref(comp), std::ref(proj));
}
};
inline constexpr inplace_merge_fn inplace_merge {};
Notes
This function attempts to allocate a temporary buffer. If the allocation fails, the less efficient algorithm is chosen.
Examples
#include <algorithm>
#include <complex>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <vector>
void print(auto const& v, auto const& rem, int middle = -1)
{
for (int i {}; auto n : v)
std::cout << (i++ == middle ? "│ " : "") << n << ' ';
std::cout << rem << '\n';
}
template<std::random_access_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S>
requires std::sortable<I>
void merge_sort(I first, S last)
{
if (last - first > 1)
{
I middle {first + (last - first) / 2};
merge_sort(first, middle);
merge_sort(middle, last);
std::ranges::inplace_merge(first, middle, last);
}
}
int main()
{
// custom merge-sort demo
std::vector v {8, 2, 0, 4, 9, 8, 1, 7, 3};
print(v, ": before sort");
merge_sort(v.begin(), v.end());
print(v, ": after sort\n");
// merging with comparison function object and projection
using CI = std::complex<int>;
std::vector<CI> r { {0,1}, {0,2}, {0,3}, {1,1}, {1,2} };
const auto middle { std::ranges::next(r.begin(), 3) };
auto comp { std::ranges::less {} };
auto proj { [](CI z) { return z.imag(); } };
print(r, ": before merge", middle - r.begin());
std::ranges::inplace_merge(r, middle, comp, proj);
print(r, ": after merge");
}
8 2 0 4 9 8 1 7 3 : before sort
0 1 2 3 4 7 8 8 9 : after sort
(0,1) (0,2) (0,3) │ (1,1) (1,2) : before merge
(0,1) (1,1) (0,2) (1,2) (0,3) : after merge
Hover to see the original license.