std::ranges::lower_bound() algorithm
- od C++20
- Simplified
- Detailed
// (1)
constexpr I
lower_bound( I first, S last, const T& value, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {} );
// (2)
constexpr ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>
lower_bound( R&& r, const T& value, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {} );
The type of arguments are generic and have the following constraints:
-
I
-std::forward_iterator
-
S
-std::sentinel_for<I>
-
R
-std::ranges::forward_range
-
Comp
:- (1) -
indirect_strict_weak_order< const T*, projected<I, Proj>>
- (2) -
indirect_strict_weak_order< const T*, projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>>
(The
std::
namespace was ommitted here for readability) - (1) -
-
T
- (none) -
Proj
- (none)
The Proj
and Comp
template arguments have the following default types: std::identity
, ranges::less
for all overloads.
// (1)
template<
std::forward_iterator I,
std::sentinel_for<I> S,
class T, class Proj = std::identity,
std::indirect_strict_weak_order< const T*, std::projected<I, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less
>
constexpr I
lower_bound( I first, S last, const T& value, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {} );
// (2)
template<
ranges::forward_range R,
class T,
class Proj = std::identity,
std::indirect_strict_weak_order< const T*, std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less
>
constexpr ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>
lower_bound( R&& r, const T& value, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {} );
-
(1) Returns an iterator pointing to the first element in the range [
first
;last
) that is not less than (i.e. greater or equal to)value
, orlast
if no such element is found.The range [
first
;last
) must be partitioned with respect to the expressioncomp(element, value)
, i.e., all elements for which the expression istrue
must precede all elements for which the expression isfalse
.A fully-sorted range meets this criterion.
-
(2) Same as (1), but uses
r
as the source range, as if usingranges::begin(r)
asfirst
andranges::end(r)
aslast
.
The function-like entities described on this page are niebloids.
Parameters
first last | The partially-ordered range of elements to examine. |
r | The partially-ordered range of elements to examine. |
value | The value to compare the elements to. |
comp | Comparison predicate to apply to the projected elements. |
proj | Projection to apply to the elements. |
Return value
Iterator pointing to the first element that is not less than value
, or last
if no such element is found.
Complexity
At most log2(last - first) + O(1) comparisons and applications of the projection.
However, for an iterator that does not model random_access_iterator
, the number of iterator increments is linear.
Exceptions
(none)
Possible implementation
ranges::lower_bound
struct lower_bound_fn
{
template<std::forward_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S,
class T, class Proj = std::identity,
std::indirect_strict_weak_order<
const T*,
std::projected<I, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
constexpr I operator()(I first, S last, const T& value,
Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {}) const
{
I it;
std::iter_difference_t<I> count, step;
count = std::ranges::distance(first, last);
while (count > 0)
{
it = first;
step = count / 2;
ranges::advance(it, step, last);
if (comp(std::invoke(proj, *it), value))
{
first = ++it;
count -= step + 1;
}
else
count = step;
}
return first;
}
template<ranges::forward_range R, class T, class Proj = std::identity,
std::indirect_strict_weak_order<
const T*,
std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
constexpr ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>
operator()(R&& r, const T& value, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {}) const
{
return (*this)(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r), value,
std::ref(comp), std::ref(proj));
}
};
inline constexpr lower_bound_fn lower_bound;
Examples
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <vector>
namespace ranges = std::ranges;
template<std::forward_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, class T,
class Proj = std::identity,
std::indirect_strict_weak_order<
const T*,
std::projected<I, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
constexpr
I binary_find(I first, S last, const T& value, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {})
{
first = ranges::lower_bound(first, last, value, comp, proj);
return first != last && !comp(value, proj(*first)) ? first : last;
}
int main()
{
std::vector data{1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5};
// ^^^^^^^^^^
auto lower = ranges::lower_bound(data, 4);
auto upper = ranges::upper_bound(data, 4);
std::cout << "found a range [" << ranges::distance(data.cbegin(), lower)
<< ", " << ranges::distance(data.cbegin(), upper) << ") = { ";
ranges::copy(lower, upper, std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " "));
std::cout << "}\n";
// classic binary search, returning a value only if it is present
data = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16};
// ^
auto it = binary_find(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), 8); // '5' would return end()
if (it != data.cend())
std::cout << *it << " found at index "<< ranges::distance(data.cbegin(), it);
}
found a range [6, 10) = { 4 4 4 4 }
8 found at index 3
Hover to see the original license.