std::ranges::pop_heap() algorithm
- od C++20
- Simplified
- Detailed
// (1)
constexpr I
pop_heap( I first, S last, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {} );
// (2)
constexpr ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>
pop_heap( R&& r, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {} );
The type of arguments are generic and have the following constraints:
I
-std::random_access_iterator
S
-std::sentinel_for<I>
R
-std::ranges::random_access_range
Comp
- (none)Proj
- (none)
The Proj
and Comp
template arguments have the following default types: std::identity
, ranges::less
for all overloads.
Additionally, each overload has the following constraints:
- (1) -
std::sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
- (2) -
std::sortable<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Comp, Proj>
// (1)
template<
std::random_access_iterator I,
std::sentinel_for<I> S,
class Comp = ranges::less,
class Proj = std::identity
>
requires std::sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
constexpr I
pop_heap( I first, S last, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {} );
// (2)
template<
ranges::random_access_range R,
class Comp = ranges::less,
class Proj = std::identity
>
requires std::sortable<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Comp, Proj>
constexpr ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>
pop_heap( R&& r, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {} );
Swaps the value in the position first and the value in the position last - 1
and makes the subrange [first
; last - 1
) into a max heap.
This has the effect of removing the first element from the heap defined by the range [first
; last
).
-
(1) Elements are compared using the given binary comparison function
comp
and projection objectproj
. -
(2) Same as (1), but uses
r
as the source range, as if usingranges::begin(r)
asfirst
andranges::end(r)
aslast
.
The function-like entities described on this page are niebloids.
Parameters
first last | The range of elements defining the valid nonempty heap to modify. |
r | The range of elements defining the valid nonempty heap to modify. |
pred | Predicate to apply to the projected elements. |
proj | The projection to apply to the elements. |
Return value
An iterator equal to last
.
Complexity
Given N
ranges::distance(first, last)
:
At most 2 * log(N) comparisons and 4 * log(N) projections.
Exceptions
(none)
Notes
A max heap is a range of elements [f
; l
), arranged with respect to comparator comp
and projection proj
, that has the following properties:
- Given
N
asl - f
,p = f[(i - 1) / 2]
, andq = f[i]
, for all0 < i < N
, the expressionstd::invoke(comp, std::invoke(proj, p), std::invoke(proj, q))
evaluates tofalse
. - A new element can be added using
ranges::push_heap
, in O(log(N)) time. - The first element can be removed using
ranges::pop_heap
, in O(log(N)) time.
Examples
#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <string_view>
template<class I = int*>
void print(std::string_view rem, I first = {}, I last = {},
std::string_view term = "\n")
{
for (std::cout << rem; first != last; ++first)
std::cout << *first << ' ';
std::cout << term;
}
int main()
{
std::array v {3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6, 5, 3};
print("initially, v: ", v.cbegin(), v.cend());
std::ranges::make_heap(v);
print("make_heap, v: ", v.cbegin(), v.cend());
print("convert heap into sorted array:");
for (auto n {std::ssize(v)}; n >= 0; --n)
{
std::ranges::pop_heap(v.begin(), v.begin() + n);
print("[ ", v.cbegin(), v.cbegin() + n, "] ");
print("[ ", v.cbegin() + n, v.cend(), "]\n");
}
}
initially, v: 3 1 4 1 5 9 2 6 5 3
make_heap, v: 9 6 4 5 5 3 2 1 1 3
convert heap into sorted array:
[ 6 5 4 3 5 3 2 1 1 9 ] [ ]
[ 5 5 4 3 1 3 2 1 6 ] [ 9 ]
[ 5 3 4 1 1 3 2 5 ] [ 6 9 ]
[ 4 3 3 1 1 2 5 ] [ 5 6 9 ]
[ 3 2 3 1 1 4 ] [ 5 5 6 9 ]
[ 3 2 1 1 3 ] [ 4 5 5 6 9 ]
[ 2 1 1 3 ] [ 3 4 5 5 6 9 ]
[ 1 1 2 ] [ 3 3 4 5 5 6 9 ]
[ 1 1 ] [ 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 9 ]
[ 1 ] [ 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 9 ]
[ ] [ 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 9 ]
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