std::ranges::shuffle() algorithm
- od C++20
- Simplified
- Detailed
// (1)
I shuffle( I first, S last, Gen&& gen );
// (2)
ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R> shuffle( R&& r, Gen&& gen );
The type of arguments are generic and have the following constraints:
I
-std::random_access_iterator
S
-std::sentinel_for<I>
R
-std::ranges::random_access_range
G
- (none)
Additionally, each overload has the following constraints:
- (1) -
permutable<I> && uniform_random_bit_generator<remove_reference_t<Gen>>
- (2) -
permutable<ranges::iterator_t<R>> && uniform_random_bit_generator<remove_reference_t<Gen>>
(The std::
namespace was omitted for readability)
// (1)
template<
std::random_access_iterator I,
std::sentinel_for<I> S,
class Gen
>
requires std::permutable<I> &&
std::uniform_random_bit_generator<std::remove_reference_t<Gen>>
I shuffle( I first, S last, Gen&& gen );
// (2)
template<
ranges::random_access_range R,
class Gen
>
requires std::permutable<ranges::iterator_t<R>> &&
std::uniform_random_bit_generator<std::remove_reference_t<Gen>>
ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R> shuffle( R&& r, Gen&& gen );
-
(1) Reorders the elements in the given range [
first
;last
) such that each possible permutation of those elements has equal probability of appearance. -
(2) Same as (1), but uses
r
as the range, as if usingranges::begin(r)
asfirst
andranges::end(r)
aslast
.
The function-like entities described on this page are niebloids.
Parameters
first last | The range of elements to shuffle. |
r | The range of elements to shuffle. |
gen | The random number generator. |
Return value
An iterator equal to last
.
Complexity
Exactly (last - first) - 1
swaps.
Exceptions
(none)
Possible implementation
shuffle(1) and shuffle(2)
struct shuffle_fn
{
template<std::random_access_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, class Gen>
requires std::permutable<I> &&
std::uniform_random_bit_generator<std::remove_reference_t<Gen>>
I operator()(I first, S last, Gen&& gen) const
{
using diff_t = std::iter_difference_t<I>;
using distr_t = std::uniform_int_distribution<diff_t>;
using param_t = typename distr_t::param_type;
distr_t D;
const auto n {last - first};
for (diff_t i {1}; i < n; ++i)
ranges::iter_swap(first + i, first + D(gen, param_t(0, i)));
return ranges::next(first, last);
}
template<ranges::random_access_range R, class Gen>
requires std::permutable<ranges::iterator_t<R>> &&
std::uniform_random_bit_generator<std::remove_reference_t<Gen>>
ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R> operator()(R&& r, Gen&& gen) const
{
return (*this)(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r), std::forward<Gen>(gen));
}
};
inline constexpr shuffle_fn shuffle {};
Examples
#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <iostream>
#include <random>
void print(const auto& a)
{
for (const auto e : a)
std::cout << e << ' ';
std::cout << '\n';
}
int main()
{
std::array a {'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'};
print(a);
std::random_device rd;
std::mt19937 gen {rd()};
for (int i {}; i != 3; ++i)
{
std::ranges::shuffle(a, gen);
print(a);
}
}
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