std::deque pop_back() method

od C++98

// Non const version onlyvoid pop_back();

Removes the last element of the container.

Undefined Behavior

Calling pop_back on an empty container results in undefined behavior

.

od C++11

Invalidation

Iterators and references to the erased element are invalidated.
The past-the-end iterator is also invalidated.
Other references and iterators are not affected.

do C++11

Invalidation

Iterators and references to the erased element are invalidated.
It is unspecified whether the past-the-end iterator is invalidated.
Other references and iterators are not affected.

Parameters

(none)

Return value

(none)

Complexity

Constant - O(1).

Exceptions

(none)

Example

Main.cpp

#include <deque>#include <iostream> template<typename T>void print(T const & xs){    std::cout << "[ ";    for(auto const & x : xs) {        std::cout << x << ' ';    }    std::cout << "]\n";} int main(){    std::deque<int> numbers;     print(numbers);      numbers.push_back(5);    numbers.push_back(3);    numbers.push_back(4);     print(numbers);      numbers.pop_back();     print(numbers); }

Output

[ ][ 5 3 4 ][ 5 3 ]