std::ranges::swap_ranges() algorithm

since C++20

Simplified

// (1)constexpr swap_ranges_result<I1, I2>    swap_ranges( I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2 );// (2)constexpr swap_ranges_result<ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R1>,                             ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R2>>    swap_ranges( R1&& r1, R2&& r2 );

The type of arguments are generic and have the following constraints:

• I1, I2 - std::input_iterator
• S1, S2 - std::sentinel_for<I1>, std::sentinel_for<I2>
• R1, R2 - std::ranges::input_range

Additionally, each overload has the following constraints:

• (1) - std::indirectly_swappable<I1, I2>
• (2) - std::indirectly_swappable<ranges::iterator_t<R1>, ranges::iterator_t<R2>>

Detailed

// (1)template<  std::input_iterator I1,  std::sentinel_for<I1> S1,  std::input_iterator I2,  std::sentinel_for<I2> S2>  requires std::indirectly_swappable<I1, I2>constexpr swap_ranges_result<I1, I2>    swap_ranges( I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2 );// (2)template<  ranges::input_range R1,  ranges::input_range R2>  requires std::indirectly_swappable<ranges::iterator_t<R1>, ranges::iterator_t<R2>>constexpr swap_ranges_result<ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R1>,                             ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R2>>    swap_ranges( R1&& r1, R2&& r2 );

With the helper types defined as follows:

template< class I1, class I2 >using swap_ranges_result = ranges::in_in_result<I1, I2>;

• (1) Given M as ranges::min(ranges::distance(first1, last1), ranges::distance(first2, last2)):

  Exchanges elements between first range [first1; first1 + M) and second range [first2; first2 + M) via ranges::iter_swap(first1 + i, first2 + i).

  The ranges [first1; last1) and [first2; last2) must not overlap.

• (2) Same as (1), but uses r1 as the first range, as if using ranges::begin(r1) as first1 and ranges::end(r1) as last1, and similarly for r2.

The function-like entities described on this page are niebloids.

Parameters

first1 last1	The first range of elements to swap.
first2 last2	The second range of elements to swap.
r1	The first range of elements to swap.
r2	The second range of elements to swap.

Return value

An value of type ranges::swap_ranges_result initialized as follows:

{  first1 + M,  first2 + M}

Where M is the smaller size out of both ranges (ranges::min(ranges::distance(first1, last1), ranges::distance(first2, last2))).

Complexity

Exactly M swaps.

Exceptions

(none)

Possible implementation

swap_ranges(1)

struct swap_ranges_fn{    template<std::input_iterator I1, std::sentinel_for<I1> S1,             std::input_iterator I2, std::sentinel_for<I2> S2>    requires std::indirectly_swappable<I1, I2>    constexpr ranges::swap_ranges_result<I1, I2>        operator()(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2) const    {        for (; !(first1 == last1 or first2 == last2); ++first1, ++first2)            ranges::iter_swap(first1, first2);        return {std::move(first1), std::move(first2)};    }    template<ranges::input_range R1, ranges::input_range R2>    requires std::indirectly_swappable<ranges::iterator_t<R1>, ranges::iterator_t<R2>>    constexpr ranges::swap_ranges_result<ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R1>,                                         ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R2>>        operator()(R1&& r1, R2&& r2) const    {        return (*this)(ranges::begin(r1), ranges::end(r1),                       ranges::begin(r2), ranges::end(r2));    }};inline constexpr swap_ranges_fn swap_ranges {};

Notes

Implementations (e.g. MSVC STL) may enable vectorization when the iterator type models contiguous_iterator and swapping its value type calls neither non-trivial special member function nor ADL-found swap.

Examples

Main.cpp

#include <algorithm>#include <iostream>#include <list>#include <string_view>#include <vector>auto print(std::string_view name, auto const& seq, std::string_view term = "\n"){    std::cout << name << " : ";    for (const auto& elem : seq)        std::cout << elem << ' ';    std::cout << term;}int main(){    std::vector<char> p {'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E'};    std::list<char> q {'1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6'};    print("p", p);    print("q", q, "\n\n");    // swap p[0, 2) and q[1, 3):    std::ranges::swap_ranges(p.begin(),                             p.begin() + 4,                             std::ranges::next(q.begin(), 1),                             std::ranges::next(q.begin(), 3));    print("p", p);    print("q", q, "\n\n");    // swap p[0, 5) and q[0, 5):    std::ranges::swap_ranges(p, q);    print("p", p);    print("q", q);}

Output

p : A B C D Eq : 1 2 3 4 5 6p : 2 3 C D Eq : 1 A B 4 5 6p : 1 A B 4 5q : 2 3 C D E 6