std::vector back() method
- od C++20
- do C++20
// prism-push-types:reference,const_reference
// Non const version
constexpr reference back();
// Const version
constexpr const_reference back() const;
// prism-push-types:reference,const_reference
// Non const version
reference back();
// Const version
const_reference back() const;
Returns a reference
to the last element in the container.Undefined Behavior
Calling back()
on an empty container is undefined behavior
Parameters
(none)
Return value
Reference to the last element.
Complexity
Constant - O(1).
Notes
For a container c
, the expression c.back()
is equivalent to *std::prev(c.end())
and c[c.size() - 1]
.
Example
Main.cpp
#include <array>
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
std::vector<char> letters {'o', 'm', 'g', 'w', 't', 'f'};
if (!letters.empty()) {
std::cout << "The last character is '" << letters.back() << "'.\n";
}
}
Output
The last character is 'f'.
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