std::deque pop_back() method

since C++98

// Non const version only
void pop_back();

Removes the last element of the container.

Undefined Behavior

Calling pop_back on an empty container results in undefined behavior.

since C++11

Invalidation

Iterators and references to the erased element are invalidated.
The past-the-end iterator is also invalidated.
Other references and iterators are not affected.

until C++11

Invalidation

Iterators and references to the erased element are invalidated.
It is unspecified whether the past-the-end iterator is invalidated.
Other references and iterators are not affected.

Parameters

(none)

Return value

(none)

Complexity

Constant - O(1).

Exceptions

(none)

Example

Main.cpp

#include <deque>
#include <iostream>
 
template<typename T>
void print(T const & xs)
{
    std::cout << "[ ";
    for(auto const & x : xs) {
        std::cout << x << ' ';
    }
    std::cout << "]\n";
}
 
int main()
{
    std::deque<int> numbers;
 
    print(numbers); 
 
    numbers.push_back(5);
    numbers.push_back(3);
    numbers.push_back(4);
 
    print(numbers); 
 
    numbers.pop_back();
 
    print(numbers); 
}

Output

[ ]
[ 5 3 4 ]
[ 5 3 ]