std::vector constructors

std::vector class can be constructed in many different ways. Use the button in the top-right corner to navigate with arrows for convenience.

zanotuj

std::vector is a class template, with following type parameters, that are used within constructors:

pub	T	element type
pub	Allocator	Allocator type used to allocate internal storage

Default constructor

C++20

Simplified

// 1)
vector()
  : vector( Allocator() )
{
}

// 2)
explicit vector( Allocator const& alloc );

• constructor 1) is noexcept if constructor of the Allocator is noexcept as well
• constructor 2) is noexcept, because Allocator was constructed before
• both constructors are constexpr

Detailed

// 1)
constexpr vector() noexcept(noexcept( Allocator() ))
  : vector( Allocator() )
{
}

// 2)
explicit constexpr vector( Allocator const& alloc ) noexcept;

C++17

Simplified

// 1)
vector()
  : vector( Allocator() )
{
}

// 2)
explicit vector( Allocator const& alloc );

• constructor 1) is noexcept if constructor of the Allocator is noexcept as well
• constructor 2) is noexcept, because Allocator was constructed before

Detailed

// 1)
vector() noexcept(noexcept( Allocator() ))
  : vector( Allocator() )
{
}

// 2)
explicit vector( Allocator const& alloc ) noexcept;

do C++17

vector();

explicit vector( Allocator const& alloc );

Default constructor. Constructs an empty container. If no allocator is supplied, allocator is obtained from a default-constructed instance.

Complexity

Constant.

Example

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

int main() {
	// Default constructed vector<int>:
	std::vector<int> v;

	std::cout << "v.size(): " << v.size();
}

Result

v.size(): 0

Repeat value constructor

C++20

constexpr vector(
  size_type         count,
  T const&          value,
  Allocator const&  alloc = Allocator()
);

do C++20

vector(
  size_type         count,
  T const&          value,
  Allocator const&  alloc = Allocator()
);

do C++11

vector(
  size_type         count,
  T const&          value = T(),
  Allocator const&  alloc = Allocator()
);

Constructs the vector with count copies of the value.

Complexity

Linear in count.

Example

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

int main() {
	std::vector<int> v(4, 15);

	for (auto elem : v)
		std::cout << elem << ' ';
}

Result (console)

15 15 15 15 

count default elements constructor

C++20

constexpr explicit vector(
  size_type         count,
  Allocator const&  alloc = Allocator()
);

od C++14

explicit vector(
  size_type         count,
  Allocator const&  alloc = Allocator()
);

od C++11

explicit vector( size_type count );

Constructs the vector with count default-inserted elements of type T. No copies are made.

Complexity

Linear in count.

Example

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

int main() {

	// |0,0,0,0|
	auto vec = std::vector<int>(4);
	// |0,0,0,0,13|
	vec.push_back(13);

	for (auto elem : vec)
		std::cout << elem << ' ';
}

Result (console)

0 0 0 0 13

Range-based constructor

C++20

template <typename InputIt>
constexpr vector(
  InputIt           first,
  InputIt           last,
  Allocator const&  alloc = Allocator()
);

do C++20

template <typename InputIt>
vector(
  InputIt           first,
  InputIt           last,
  Allocator const&  alloc = Allocator()
);

Constructs the container with the contents of the range [first, last).

Overload resolution

od C++11

This overload participates in overload resolution only if InputIt satisfies LegacyInputIterator, to avoid ambiguity with the repeat value overload

do C++11

If InputIt is an integral type this constructor has the same effect as:

vector(static_cast<size_type>(first), static_cast<value_type>(last), alloc)

It uses last as the count parameter and last as the value used in the repeat value overload.

Complexity

Given the distance between first and last as N:

• if first and last are both forward, bidirectional or random-access iterators, the copy constructor of T is only called N times, and no reallocation occurs.
• otherwise (first and last are just input iterators), the copy constructor of T is called O(N) times, and reallocation occurs O(log N) times.

Example

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

int main() {
	char buf[] = "Hello, World";
	auto vec = std::vector<char>(
		std::begin(buf),
		std::next(std::begin(buf), 5)
	);

	for (auto elem : vec)
		std::cout << elem << ' ';
}

Result (console)

H e l l o

Copy constructor

C++20

// (1)
constexpr vector( vector const& other );

// (2)
constexpr vector(
  vector const&	    other,
  Allocator const&  alloc
);

do C++20

// (1)
vector( vector const& other );

// (2)
vector(
  vector const&     other,
  Allocator const&  alloc
);

Copy constructor. Constructs the container with the copy of the contents of other. The second version uses alloc as the allocator.

Obtaining the allocator and deduction

od C++11

The allocator is obtained as if by calling:

std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::select_on_container_copy_construction(other.get_allocator())

od C++23

The template parameter Allocator is only deduced from the first argument while used in class template argument deduction.

Complexity

Linear in size of other.

Example

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

int main() {
	// ⚠ using C++17 CTAD
	auto vec = std::vector{5, 21, 37, 11};
	auto copied = std::vector(vec);

	copied[2] = 38;

	for (auto elem: vec) std::cout << elem << ' ';

	std::cout << '\n';

	for (auto elem: copied) std::cout << elem << ' ';
}

Result (console)

5 21 37 11
5 21 38 11

Move constructor

C++20

// 1)
constexpr vector( vector&& other ) noexcept;

// 2)
constexpr vector(
  vector&&          other,
  Allocator const&  alloc
);

od C++17

// 1)
vector( vector&& other ) noexcept;

// 2)
vector(
  vector&&          other,
  Allocator const&  alloc
);

od C++11

// 1)
vector( vector&& other );

// 2)
vector(
  vector&&          other,
  Allocator const&  alloc
);

Move constructor. Constructs the container with the contents of other using move semantics. Allocator is obtained by move-construction from the allocator belonging to other. After the move, other is guaranteed to be empty().

The second overload accepts an allocator that is used for the constructed container, moving the contents from other. If alloc != other.get_allocator(), this results in an element-wise move (in that case, other is not guaranteed to be empty() after the move).

Allocator deduction

The template parameter Allocator is only deduced from the first argument while used in class template argument deduction.

 (od C++23)

Complexity

Linear if alloc != other.get_allocator(), otherwise constant.

Example

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <iomanip>

int main() {

	auto prev = std::vector{15, 3, 8};

	auto current = std::vector( std::move(prev) );

	std::cout << "prev.empty(): " << std::boolalpha << prev.empty() << '\n';
	std::cout << "current: ";
	for (auto elem: current)
		std::cout << elem << ' ';
}

Result (console)

prev.empty(): true
15 3 8

Initializer-list constructor

C++20

constexpr vector(
  std::initializer_list<T>  init,
  Allocator const&          alloc = Allocator()
);

od C++11

vector(
  std::initializer_list<T>  init,
  Allocator const&          alloc = Allocator()
);

Constructs the container with the contents of the initializer list init.

zanotuj

Presence of this overload means list initialization and direct initialization do different things:

std::vector<int> b{3}; // creates a 1-element vector holding {3}
std::vector<int> a(3); // creates a 3-element vector holding {0, 0, 0}
 
std::vector<int> d{1, 2}; // creates a 2-element vector holding {1, 2}
std::vector<int> c(1, 2); // creates a 1-element vector holding {2}

Complexity

Linear in size of init.

Example

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

int main() {
	std::vector<int> v = { 14, 30, 18 };

	for (auto elem : v)
		std::cout << elem << ' ';
}

Result (console)

14 30 18